Process for manufacture of 5-esterified hydroxy - thiazolidine - 4 - carboxylic acids



United States Patent 3 498,996 PROCESS FOR MANUi 'ACTURE OF S-ESTERIFIED HYDROXY THIAZOLIDINE 4 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Robert Burns Woodward, 12 Oxford St.,

process is particularlyiuseful in the manufacture of valuable intermediate products, which are primarily used in the first synthesis of 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid and derivatives thereof.

Cambridge Mass. 02138 7i-ar;1(1{i,Io -cephalsoporan1c acid has the following For- No Drawing. Filed Jan. 26, 1967, Ser. No. 611,808 a Claims priority, application Switzerland, Feb. 3, 1966,

1,531/66; Feb. 22, 1966, 2,509/66; June 17, 1966, COOH 8,831/ 66 I Int. Cl. C07d 91/16, 99/24 10 0 us. Cl. 260-3067 5 Claims C H,-O C CH,

ilH-JJH CH2 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Hm" s (XVI) The invention concerns a process for the introduction f g atom into the 'P of a 5'unsuPstltute d Derivatives thereof are mainly N-acyl compounds in which 2,2:disu-bst1tuted 3-acyl-th1az0l1d1ne-4 carboxylic acid the acyl residues are especially those f active 1 fiel'lvailve y tfeatmel1t Wlth an alkOXY l'adlcal'form' derivatives of 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid, for example, e p r m the presence a reagent p b Of thienylacetyl, e.g. Z-thienylacetyl, cyanoacetyl, chloroethylg halogen y homolytlc cleavagegmol'e j carbamyl or phenylacetyl radicals, or easily eliminable y thB 1I1tI0dut1I1 0 f halogen atom, esPeclany bromme acyl radicals, such as the radical of a semi-ester of caratom Into the 'P Of an ester, Particularly the methyl bonic acid, for example, the tert.-butyloxycarbonyl radical. ester of an ac d 0f the fOrmula The synthesis of this. important compound, which is COOH of great value in the preparation of medicaments, and the derivatives thereof is based on the principle of using as A N starting material a 3,5-unsubstituted 2,2-disubstituted thif azolidine 4-carboxylic acid, for example, a compound of C the Formula 1 H3O CH3 in which AC1 is an acyl radical, primarily the tert.btuyloxycarbonyl group, by treatment with a tetrahalogeno- 9 methane particularly bromotrichloromethane, in the pres- CH-CH2 ence of a lower alkyl peroxalate, particularly tert.-butyl- HN peroxalate. The product obtained are valuable intermediates, primarily useful for the synthesis of 7-amino-cephalo sporanic acid and derivatives thereof. 319 H The present invention relates to a method process for and carrying it out according to the pattern of the followthe manufacture of esterified hydroxy compounds, which ing fiow sheet:

QOOH coon coocn; CHI-CH2 CH3 (EH-0H2 CH3 oH-oH2 l HN S CH3COC-N S CHsC-OC-N S 6H C a C CH: C CH3 CH3 C cHs C \CH3 I II III l+N-COOCH; N-COOCH3 000011 COOCH F 3 g OCOCH N-NH-COOCH| CH3 (EH-0H CH; CH-CH rmoooomn CHaC-O-C-N S CH3 OCN S a 0 CH3 0 CH3 CH1 C cHn V IV 000011: N: qoocrn H on, CH-OH CH; 9 ctr-01: CH ('1 O O N/ \S OH O C N/ S I I I CH \C/ CH3 6 \O/ Cs CHa CH3 CHa VI VII OOOCHs NH: =9 CH JHC !H on; CH-G'H a Ala-041108 I cm-c-o-fo-rr s CHaCO-JN -s C cHs CH: CH8

IX VIII The compound IX is converted into the desired 7-amino- VI, such as the compound of the Formula V in the above cephalosporanic acid and its derivatives as follows: flow sheet, are obtained in an unexpected way directly and 00001120013 /CHO IX 0196 CH2OOOCH=C o=( :lI C-CHO CH0 CH3 CH-CH HOH X l CH3 8 \C/ Ca CH3 XI l F C OOH COOCHzCCla- ()OOCHMJC a g ficglaton /CE 1011 0=CN c-cmooocm @L O=C-N CCHO (l) 3) Acetylation l I ll HCH H {BE-0E CH Arm-1 m S/ HEN XIII XII ([JOOCHzCCI; 13003 C\ R cl ti e 0X1 O=( 3N GCHzOGOCH 0=CN 10H0 COCH;

QH- EH CH: QH-CH CH9 s/ 1 s Aeyl-NH Acyl-NH XIV XV XVI The compound of the Formula X which is used as interwithout the introduction of a hydrazine group which is mediate product is prepared as follows: N,N-disubstituted by functionally converted carboxyl groups, by introducing an esterified hydroxy group into NQOGH 13000320013 OCH GOOCHZCO the 5-position of a S-unsubstituted, 2,2-disubstituted 3- CH 0=CH CH-CH-OH acyl-thiazolidine 4-car-boxy1ic acid derivative, such as a 0B0 Y o C compound of the Formula III, by treatment with an alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagent in the presence of a l reagent capable of furnishing esterified hydroxy groups by homolytic cleavage, and, if desired, converting a sub- 5 (30001110911 stituent in a resulting compound into another substituent,

0:313 and/or, if desired, separating a resulting mixture of iso- O mers into the individual isomers.

(X) The carboxylic acid derivatives of the starting material are especially esters with any type of hydroxy-compound Theesterified hydroxy compounds useful as intermediate suitable for the esterification of carboxylic acids, as well p oducts, pa ticularly esters of the compo nd of Formula 7 as nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid derivatives, such as amides, N-monosubstituted or particularly N,N-disubstituted, for example, by aliphatic residues, such as lower alkyl, e.g. methyl or ethyl groups, or sulfonyl, such as phenylsulfonyl groups, for example, N-phenylsulfonylor N-lower alkyl-N-phenylsulfonyl-amides.

The esterified hydroxy groups introduced into the 5- position of the starting material are, for example, hydroxy groups esterified by hydrohalic acids, i.e. halogen atoms, such as chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms; they are primarily acyloxy groups, in which acyl represents the corresponding residue of organic carboxylic acids. Acyl radicals are particularly those of aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as of alkane, especially, lower alkane carboxylic acids, primarily acetic acid, as well as propionic or butyric acid, or of aromatic carboxylic acids, such as benzoic acid; these organic carboxylic acids may be unsubstituted or further substituted, for example, by lower alkyl or lower alkoxy groups or halogen atoms.

The alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagents used in the procedure of this invention are those which are suitable for the one-electron oxidation of alkanols and/or are capable of forming an alkoxy radical by homolytic cleavage. Such reagents are, for example, alkoxy radicalforming peroxides, such as alkyl peroxides, for example, lower alkyl peroxides, e.g. di-tert.-butyl-peroxide, or diacyl peroxides, particularly peroxy-carbonates, e.g. di-tert.- butyl peroxy-carbonate, or peroxalic acid esters, e.-g. ditert.-butyl p'eroxalate, as well as benzoylperoxide. Alkoxy radical-furnishing reagents are also alkyl esters, for example, lower alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or n-butyl, particularly tert.-alkyl, especially tert.-tert.-butyl or 1,1-dimethyl propyl, as well as 3-methyl-2-butyl esters of hyponitrous acid.

Preferred alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagents are alkanols in the presence of oxydizing heavy metal salts, particularly acylates, such as thallium-11L, cerium-IV- or iron-11L, primarily lead-IV-salts, particularly acylates. Alkanols are preferably lower alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol, particularly tert.-alkanols, such as tert.-lower alkanols, especially tert.-butanol or 1,1-dimethyl-propanol, as well as 3-methyl-2-butanol. Upon treatment of the oxidizing heavy metal salts upon alkanols corresponding alkoxy-heavy metal compounds are formed in situ and used as the alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagents; in these alkoxy represents primarily a lower alkoxy, e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, isopropyloxy or n butyloxy, primarily a tert.-alkoxy, especially tert.-butyloxy 01' 1,1-dimethyl-propyloxy, as well as 3-methyl-2-butyloxy radical. In order to slow down the oxidation of primary and secondary alkanols to carbonyl compounds, it is advantageous to gradually add the alcohol during the reaction to the reaction mixture containing the heavy metal compound, for example, the lead-IV-acylate.

The reagents capable of furnishing esterified hydroxy groups by homolytic cleavage and used in the presence of alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagents are, for example, reagents capable of homolytically-furnishing halogen, such as molecular halogen, particularly iodine, hypohalogenites, particularly alkyl hypohalogenites, e.g. tert.- butyl hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite, sulfuryl halogenides, e.g. sulfuryl chloride or bromide, halogenated methane sulfonyl halides, e.g. trichloromethane sulfonyl chloride, tetrahalogeno-methane compounds, e.g. bromotrichloromethane or carbon tetrachloride, N-halogenated amide or imide compounds, such as halogenoacetamides, -succinimides or -hydantoins, e.g. N-bromoacetamide, N- bromosuccinirnide or N-chlorohydantoin, copper-II-halogenides, which may be complexed, for example, with tertiary bases, such as pyridine, 2,2'-bipyridyl or 4,5-phenanthroline, such as copper-II-chloricle or -bromide, or other suitable halogenating reagents. Reagents furnishing halogen by homolytic cleavage are advantageously used together with the above-mentioned peroxide compounds as alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagents; the introduction of the halogen radical into the 5-position of the starting material occurs advantageously while heating and/or irradiation. Preferably, the carboxylic acid derivative used as the starting material in the reaction involving the introduction of a halogen atom contains no activated hydrogen in the converted carboxyl group.

Preferred reagents furnishing esterified hydroxy groups by homolytic cleavage are primarily those yielding acyloxy groups. These are especialy heavy metal acyl compounds, such as thallium-III- cerium-IV-, iron-III- or copper-II- acylates, above all lead-IV-acylates, as well as mixed anhydrides or hyponitrous acid with organic carboxylic acids, for example, alkane carboxylic acids. Advantageous- 1y, lead tetraalkanoates, particularly lead tetraacetate, as well as lead tetrapropionate or lead tetrastearate, or lead tetrabenzoate or lead tetra-3-bromo-benzoate, or the corresponding thallium-11L, cerium-IV-, iron-III- or copper-II-acylates are used. If desired or necessary, heavy metal acylates of this type, particularly cerium-IV- or iron-III-acylates may be formed in situ, i.e. from other heavy metal salts in the presence of acids furnishing acyloxy groups, or may, such as the copper-II-acylates, be used in the form of complexes. Reagents furnishing acyloxy groups by homolytic cleavage may be used in the presence of peroxides as the alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagents; however, the latter are advantageously alkanols in the presence of oxidizing heavy metal compounds, particularly alkoxy-heavy metal compounds formed in situ, especially alkoxy-lead-IV-compounds.

The two principles of the oxidation reagent forming the alkoxy radical and the reagent furnishing the acyloxy group by homolytic cleavage may also be combined in alkoxy-heavy metal-acylates of oxidizing heavy metals, particularly in alkoxy-lead-IV-acylates, such as lower alkoxy-lead-lV-acetates, advantageously formed during the reaction, as well as in anhydrides of alkyl-halfesters of hyponitrous acid with organic carboxylic acids; the use of such reagents forms a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Primarily such reagents are monoalkoxy-lead-IV-acylates, in which alkoxy and acyP' have the previously given meaning; preferred are monolower alkoxy-lead-triacetates, such as monomethoxymonoethoxy-, monoisopropyloxyor mono-n-butyloxy-, particularly mono-tert.-alkoxy-, especially mono-tert.- butyloxyor mono-1,l-dimethyl-propyloxy-, as well as mono-3-methyl-2-butyloxy lead triacetate. As indicated above, these alkoxy-heavy metal-acylate compounds are usually formed in situ, e.g. upon treatment of alkanols with heavy metal acylates capable of furnishing acyloxy groups by homolytic cleavage. Advantageously, one uses equimolar amounts to an about IOO-fold excess of the alkanol, calculated on the basis of heavy metal acylate, particularly lead-IV-acylate used; the latter, particularly a lead- IV-acylate, is preferably used in excess, for example, in an about 2-fold to an about 6-fold excess, calculated on the basis of starting materialused. Primary and secondary alkanols are advantageously used in equimolar amounts to an about 3-fold excess and are added gradually during the reaction; tertiary alkanols are usually employed in excess amounts, advantageously in an at least 3-fold, for example, in an about 5-fold to an about IOO-fold excess and may simultaneously serve as the sole diluent.

The cleavage of an alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagent, eg of a peroxide, and of the reagent capable of furnishing an esterified hydroxy group by homolytic cleavage, such as a heavy metal acylate, especially of an alkoxy-heavy metal compound, such as a preferred a1- koxy-lead-IV-acylate compound, occurs in a manner known per se, for example, by thermic cleavage (which may necessitate cooling or heating), or, particularly advantageous, by irradiation, for example, with ultraviolet light or light of longer wave length, for example, in the visible range, if desired, in the presence of sensibilisators. The ultraviolet light has preferably a main Wavelength above 280 m i, primarily a range of about 300 m to about 350 11111.; this may be achieved by filtration of the ultraviolet light through a suitable filter, for example a glass filter, or through a suitable solution, such as a salt solution, or through other liquids, such as benzene or toluene capable of absorbing light of short or wave lengths. The ultraviolet light is preferably generated by means of a mercury vapor high pressure lamp.

The use of alkoxy-lead-IV-acylate, such as acetate compounds, forming during the reaction, as the alkoxy radical-forming oxidation reagent and the reagent capable of furnishing the acyloxy group by homolytic cleavage, particularly while irradiating with ultraviolet light of a main Wave length above 280 mu, represents the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Usually, one proceeds by treating a S-unsubstituted, 2,2-disubstituted 3-acyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid derivative, like, for example, the compound of Formula II, with a lead-IV-acylate while irradiating with ultraviolet light having a main wave length of above 280 m in the presence of an alkanol, particuarly a lower alkanol, such as one of the above mentioned lower alkanols, preferably tert.-butanol.

The process of the invention is carried out in presence of a solvent or of a solvent mixture. Apart from a tort.- alkanol, which may be used during the in situ preparation of an alkoXy-heavy metal-acylate compound, or from a suitable compound furnishing a halogen by homolytic cleavage, such as bromotrichloromethane, which reagents, when used in excess may serve as solvents, hydrocarbons, for example, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene, or halogenated hydrocarbons, such as aliphatic or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. methylene chloride or chlorobenzene, as well as acetic acid or mixtures thereof, may serve as diluents. The reaction takes place while cooling, at room temperature or while heating, advantageously with gentle warming up to about 100 C.; a temperature interval of between C. and 50 C. is preferred, when using the alkoxy-heavy metal acylate compounds prepared during the reaction. If necessary, one works in an inert gas atmosphere, for example, under nitrogen, if desired, in a closed vessel.

In the resulting compounds, substituents may be converted to other substituents by methods which are in themselves known. Thus, resulting acid derivatives, such as esters, may be converted to the free acids without one of the acyl groups, especially an easily removable acyl group, in the 3-position, such as a tert.-butyloxycarbonyl group, being removed. A carboxyl group esterified with a 2,2,2-trichloroethanol may in a specific manner 'be converted to the free carboxyl group by means of reducing agents; this reaction is, for example, described more closely in my application No. 573,800, filed Aug. 22, 1966. Suitable reducing agents are chemical reducing agents, such as nascent hydrogen, which its, for example, obtained by the action of metals, metal alloys or metal amalgams on hydrogen-releasing reagents, for example, zinc, zinc alloys, such as zinc/ copper, or zinc amalgam used in the presence of acids, such as organic carboxylic acids, e.g. acetic acid, or of alcohols, such as lower alkanols, furthermore, alkali metal amalgams, for example, sodium amalgam or potassium amalgam, or aluminium amalgam, used in the presence of moist ether or of lower alkanols, as Well as alkali metals, for example, lithium, sodium or potassium, or alkaline earth metals, for example, calcium, used in the present of liquid ammonia, optionally with the addition of alcohols, such as a lower alkanol. In addition, an ester with 2,2,2-trichloroethanol may also be converted into the free acid by treatment with strongly reducing metal salts, such as chromium-II-compounds, e.g. chromium-II-chloride or chromium-II-acetate, advantageously in the presence of aqueous media containing water-miscible organic solvents, such as lower alkanols, lower alkane carboxylic acids or ethers, e.g. methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, tetrahydro-furane, dioxan, ethyleneglycol di rnethylether or diethyleneglycol dimethylether.

In a resulting compound having a free carboxyl group, the latter may be converted into its functional derivatives,

for example, into its esters, amides, hydrazides or azides, by methods which are in themselves known. Thus, the carboxyl group may, for example, be esterified by treatment with a diazo compound, such as a diazo-lower alkane, for example, diazomethane or diazoethane, or a phenyl-diazo-lower alkane, e.g. diphenyl-diazomethane, or by treatment with a hydroxy-compound suitable for esterification, such as, for example, an alcohol, as Well as a phenol compound or an N-hydroxy-nitrogen compound, for example, a hydroxamic acid, in the presence of a suitable esterification agent, such as a carbodiimide, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, as well as carbonyldiimidazole, or by any other known and suitable esterification process, such as reaction with a reactive ester of the hydroxy compound, especially of an alcohol and a strong inorganic acid or a strong organic sulphonic acid, if desired, in presence of a salt-forming base. Amides are obtained from the free carboxylic acid by methods in themselves known; sulphonamides are, for example, obtained by treatment with a sulphonylisocyanate.

A functionally converted carboxyl group in a resulting compound may also be converted, by methods in themselves known, to another, functionally converted carboxyl group, for example, to esterified carboxyl groups by trans-esterification, such as treatment with a hydroxy compound in the presence of a trans-esterification catalyst. Furthermore, esters, and especially activated esters, such as, for example, esters with N-hydroxy-nitrogen compounds, or anhydrides formed with haloformic acid esters or trihalogeno-acetic and halides, may be converted to other esters or to nitrogen-containing derivatives, such as amides or hydrazides by reaction with other hydroxy compounds, such as alcohols or phenol compounds, and with nitrogen-containing reagents, for example, with ammonia, primary or secondary amines, or hydrazines, respectively. In a resulting amide or hydrazide compound having a hydrogen-containing nitrogen atom, the latter may be subsequently substituted, for example, by treatment with a carboxylic or sulphonic acid derivative, such as an acid halide and/ or a reactive eseterified alcohol, or any other suitable reagent; a N-substituted amide may, for example, be converted to the corresponding nitrile by dehydration.

Resulting mixtures of isomers may be separated into the individual isomers by methods in themselves known, for example, by factional crystallisation, adsorption chromatography (column or thin layer chromatography) or by other processes. Resulting racemates may be separated into the antipodes by forming a mixture of diastereo isomeric salts With optically active salt-forming reagents, separation of the mixture into the diastereoisomeric salts, and conversion of the separated salts into the free compounds.

The compounds obtained according to the invention are 2,2-disubstituted B-acyl-S-R-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acids, in which R repersents an esterified hydroxy group, primarily an acyloxy group or a halogen atom, and their functional derivatives, such as the compounds of Formulae Ia Bi 0 H-CE 0 Ace AC1-N S and B1 CH-Clbwllal AC1N in which Ac, represents an acyl residue, especiall the acyl residue of an active-N-acyl derivative of a 7-arninocephalosoporanic acid, for example, a thienylacetyl, such as the 2-thienylacetyl, a chloroethylcarbamyl, such as the 2-chloroethylcarbamyl, or the phenylacetyl residue, or an easily removable acyl residue, such as the residue of a half-ester of carbonic acid, such as the tert.-buty1oxycarbonyl residue, AC2 represents the acyl residue of an organic carboxylic acid, such as the acyl residue of the acyloxy group furnished during the reaction, for example, the acyl residue of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, such as an alkane carboxylic acid, e.g. a lower alkane carboxylic acid, primarily acetic acid, as well as propionic acid, or of an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid, with these acids being unsubstituted or optionally containing substituents, such as lower alkyl or lower alkoxy groups or halogen atoms or pseudo-halogens, such as trifluoromethyl groups, Hal stands for a halogen atom, particularly a halogen atom with an atomic weight greater than 19, especially a chlorine or bromine atom, as well as an iodine atom, X represents the disubstituted carbon atom of the thiazolidine ring, and R denotes a free or, especially, a functionally converted, carboxyl group.

The residue X-- especially stands for the group of formula:

in which R and R represent hydrocarbon residues, especially aliphatic hydrocarbon residues, such as lower alkyl, for example, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or preferably methyl groups, as well as aromatic, especially phenyl groups, or araliphatic hydrocarbon residues, especially phenylalkyl, for example, benzyl or phenylethyl groups, as well as functionally converted, especially esterified, carboxy groups, such as carbo-lower alkoxy, for example, carbomethoxy groups or carbethoxy groups, or, when R and R are taken together, represent a bivalent hydrocarbon residue, especially a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarcarbon residue, such as a lower alkylene group, for example, the 1,4-butylene or 1,5-pentylene group, a phthaloyl group, or an oxo or thiono group. The above-mentioned hydrocarbon residues are unsubstituted or may be substituted, for example, by lower alkyl, such as methyl or ethyl groups, lower alkoxy, such as methoxy or ethoxy groups, halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, ha-logenakyl, such as trifluoromethyl groups, or any other suitable groups.

The group R represents a free carboxyl group or, preferably, a functionally converted carboxyl group, especially an esterified carboxyl group. The latter is esterified with any type of hydroxy-compound suitable for esterifying carboxylic acids, such as alcohols, especially aliphatic alcohols, such as alkanols, especially lower alkanols, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or tert.-butanol, cycloaliphatic alcohols, such as cycloalkanols, for example, cyclohexanol, or araliphatic alcohols, such as phenylalkanols, for example, benzyl alcohol or diphenylrnethanol, as well as phenol compounds, especially phenol, or with N-hydroXy-nitrogen compounds, such as hydroxyamic acids, for example, N-hydroxycarbamic esters, such as their methyl esters, or N-hydroxyamidies, for example, N-hydroxysuccinimide; the above-mentioned hydroxy-compounds may be unsubstituted or may optionally contain lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, nitro or trifluoromethyl groups or, especially, halogen atoms, as well as other groups as substituents. Halogenated lower alkanols, such as 2,2,2-trichlorethanol, are especially suitable as substituted hydroxy-compounds esterifying carboxylic acids.

Other functionally modified carboxyl groups R are, for example, nitrogen-containing functionally converted carboxylic groups, such as carbamyl groups, which may be unsubstituted, or mono-substituted or disubstituted at the nitrogen atom by aliphatic, a-licyclic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon residues or heterocyclic residues of aromatic character, such as lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, phenyl-lower alkylidene or pyridyl residues which may optionally contain lower alkyl groups, free, esterified or etherified hydroxy groups such as lower alkoxy, aralkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy or aroyloxy groups, halogen atoms, nitro or trill-uoromethyl groups, or by free, etherified or esterified hydroxyl groups such as the above mentioned groups of this kind, or by phosphorus-containing residues, or by acyl residues, such as residues of c-ar-boxylic acids, for example, of halfesters or half-amides of carbonic acid or lower alkanoyl residues, or residues of s-ulphonic acids, such as 'arylsulphonic acids, for example, phenylsulphonyl residues; other functionally modified carboxyl groups R are, for example, a-lso nitrile groups, azidocarbonyl groups or hydrazinoc-arbonyl or azocarbonyl groups which may optionally be monosubstituted or polysubstituted at the nitrogen atom, for example, by the above mentioned substituents of the carba-myl group.

The Ac -O group or the halogen atom Hal may be in cisor trans-position with respect to the group R advantageously, the halogen atom Hal is in trans-position to that grouping.

The process also comprises those process modifications in which compounds formed as intermediates are used as starting materials and the remaining process stages are carried out with these, or in which the process is interrupted at any stage, or in which starting materials are used in the form of derivatives, for example, of salts thereof, or in which they are formed during the reaction.

Preferably, those starting materials are chosen, and those reaction conditions are selected, which lead to the formation of compounds which previously were listed as being particularly preferred.

The starting materials used in the above process may, for example, be obtained by the process described in my application No. 573,816 filed Aug. 22, 1966. Compounds obtained according to the invention may be converted to 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid and its derivatives; this conversion may, for example, be carried out by the process described in my applications No. 573,891, filed Aug. 22, 1966; No. 573,865, filed Aug. 22, 1966; No. 573,815, filed Aug. 22, 1966; No. 573,886, fi led Aug. 22, 1966; No. 573,866, filed Aug. 22, 1966; and No. 573,876, fi led Aug. 22, 1966.

The invention is described in detail in the following example-s; the temperatures are given in degree centig-rades.

EXAMPLE 1 A solution of 19.38 g. of dried lead tetraacetate in admixture of 450 m]. of benzene and 26.5 ml. of tert.- butanol is treated with 6 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.- butyloxy-carbonyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, and the mixture is irradiated for 8 hours at 10-l5 with a mercury vapor high-pressure lamp with Pyrex filter, while stirring and passing dry nitrogen through it. After a short time a precipitate separates out from the brown solution; at the end of the reaction, the solution is completely colourless and contains a fluoccu' ent white precipitate. This is filtered off, and the filtrate is washed with water, dried, and evaporated under water pump vacuum. The residue crystallises spontaneously and is triturated with 75 ml. of pentane; one thus obtains the L-2-2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxy-carbonyl 5,8 acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester of the formula which, after re-dissolving and crystallising it from a mixture of ether and pentane, melts at 148-150. The mother liquor, in addition to a small amount of the desired compound, still containing starting material.

EXAMPLE 9 2 A reaction mixture consisting of 6.46 g. lead tetraacetate, 10 ml. of tert.-butanol, 110 ml. of absolute benzene and 1 g. of L-2,2-di-methyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonylthia-zolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester is irradiated for 4.5 hours at 15 with a' mercury vapor high-pressure lamp with Pyrex filter, while stirring and maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere; during the reaction, the initially brown solution loses its colour and a white flocoulent precipitate is formed. The mixture is filtered, and the filtrate washed with water, dried and evaporated in a water pump vacunm. A partially crystalline residue is obtained, from which the L 2,2-dimethyl-3-tert. butyloxycarbonyl-SB- acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester,

M.P. 148-150, is separated by crystallisation with pentane. The mother liquor, in addition to starting material, contains a further amount of the product as well as biphenyl.

In an analogous manner, irradiation of a mixture of 7.03 g. of lead tetrabenzoate, 10 ml. of terL-butanol, 110 ml. of absolute benzene and 1 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl-3- tert. butyloxycarbonyl thiazoline 4 carboxylic acid methyl ester yields the L-2,2-dimcthyl-3-tert.-butyloxycar'bonyl-SB-benzoyloxy-thiazolidine 4 carboxylic acid methyl ester.

EXAMPLE 3 A crystalline crude product, which contains the L-2,2-' dimethyl 3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-5fi-acetyloxy-thiazo1idine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester as the main component is obtained in an analogous manner to that of Example 2, by irradiating for 18 hours 1 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.- butyloxycarbonyl-thiazolidine 4 carboxylic acid methyl ester and 6.46 g. of lead tetra-acetate in 10 m1. of a mixture of equal parts of benzene and tert.-butanol by means of a mercury high pressure lamp provided with a Pyrex filter.

EXAMPLE 4 A solution of 10 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-thiazolidine 4 carboxylic acid methyl ester in 900 ml. of anhydrous benzene is mixed with 100 g. of lead tetraacetate, dried in a high vacuum. Dry nitrogen is passed through the reaction mixture while stirring it and irradiation is performed with a Hanau 70 watt mercury vapour high-pressure lamp Q81 in a Pyrex glass jacket, centrally cooled with water. Within 15 minutes, 6 ml. of methanol and then within 3 hours 21.2 ml. of methanol are dropped in; upon mixing, a temporary local yellow coloration is observed. After hours at 10 to lead tetraacetate can no longer be identified with potassium iodide starch paper. The reaction mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate washed once with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The semi-crystalline residue is triturated with 50 ml. of pentane at 10 and kept at this temperature for 2 days. The resulting L-2,2-dimethyl- 3 tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-SB-acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester melts at 147 to 148.

EXAMPLE 5 A solution of 1 g. of L-2,2-dimethy1-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester in 180 ml. of anhydrous benzene is mixed with 10 g. of dried lead tetraacetate. In a current of dry nitrogen, the mixture is irradiated with a Hanau 70 watt mercury vapour highpressure lamp Q81 in a Pyrex glass jacket, centrally cooled with water, and a total of 40 ml. of isopropanol is dropped in at a rate of 0.1 ml. per minute; a temporary yellow coloration is observed. After another 40 minutes no more lead tetraacetate, but a major quantity of starting material can be detected. Another 10 g. of lead tetraacetate and 4 ml. of isopropanol are added while irradiating; the isopropanol is added dropwise as described above. After the addition of 2 ml. of isopropanol, lead tetra acetate can no longer be detected. A total of 10 ml. of

isopropanol is dropped in and the mixture is then filtered; the filtrate is washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The semi-crystalline residue is crystallized from pentane to yield the crude, crystalline L- 2,2 dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-5 3-acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, M.P. 133 to 139.

By substituting lead tetrapropionate for the lead tetraacetate and proceeding in a manner analogous to the one indicated above, one obtains the L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-Sfl-propionyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester.

EXAMPLE 6 While irradiating a stirred solution of 6 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester in 420 ml. of anhydrous benzene and 30 ml. of tert.-butanol with a Hanau 70 watt mercury vapour high-pressure lamp Q81 in a Pyrex glass jacket, centrally cooled with water, there is added a total of 40 g. of lead tetraacetate, dried in a high vacuum, in 4 portions of 10 g. each at intervals of 3 hours. After 13 hours, the supernatant solution has become colourless and contains, according to the potassium iodide starch paper test, no longer any lead tetraacetate; the yellow precipitate, on the other hand, still shows a pronounced positive reaction. After filtering and washing with benzene, the filtrate is agitated with water, filtered through a filter aid (Hyflo) and once more washed with water. The aqueous extracts are extracted with benzene, and the combined benzene solutions are dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The partially crystalline residue is triturated with about 30 m1. of pentane to yield the crystalline L-2,2-dimethyl 3 tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-SB-acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, M.P. 140 to 144.

The mother liquor is chromatographed on 160 ml. of silica gel, containing 5% of water; 800 ml. of a lzl-mixture of benzene and hexane elute crude biphenyl which, after recrystallization from methanol and sublimation (at 50 to 70 under 0.5 mm. Hg pressure) melts at 68 to 69. With 1400 ml. of benzene an unidentified amorphous material and with 1200 ml. of a 19:1-mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate a mixture of 3 components are eluted. On crystallization from ether and pentane, the latter yields a further quantity of L-2,2 dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxy-carbonyl-5{3-acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carb0xylic acid methyl ester. Another 400 ml. of the 19:1-mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate elute similar mixtures. Further 400 ml. of the same solvent mixture and 400 ml. of a 9: l-mixture of the two solvents contains L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl 4fl-hydroxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, which is crystallized from pentane and melts at to 86; [a] =-3i2 (c.=0.67 in chloroform); infrared absorption bands (in methylenechloride) at 2.80 5.73 5.87,, 5.97,.t, 7.24,u. 735 8.65; and 9.3 1,14. Further 200 ml. of the above 9:1-mixture and 600 ml. of a 1:1- mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate yield mixtures which, according to the thin-layer chromatograrn, contain some L-2,2 dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-Sfl-hydroxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester.

The mother liquor from the first eluate with a 19:1- mixture of benzene and ethyl aceate (1.36 g.) is refluxed for 21 hours with 0.65 g. of anhydrous sodium acetate in 40 m1. of absolute methanol. After cooling, the reaction mixture is diluted with 200 ml, of methylene chloride, washed with water, dried and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on 15 g. of silica gel, containing 5% of water. With 20 fractions of 25 ml. each of benzene, a mixture of the starting material with L-2,2-dimethyl-3- tert.-butyloxy-carbonyl SB-tert.-butyloxy-thiazolidine 4- carboxylic acid methyl ester is obtained. Fractions 4 to 7 yields the latter ester on crystallization from pentane, sublimation at 80 to under 0.005 mm. Hg pressure and two recrystallizations from pentane; MP. 98 to 99; [a] =+l45i-1 (c. =1.100 in chloroform); infrared absorption bands (in methylene chloride at 5.70;, 5.91;.t, 7.25 7.33 8.58, and 9.50 The mixtures eluted with a 13 19:1-mixture of benzene and ethyl aceate (12 fractions of ml. each) contain predominantly the L-2,2-dimethyl- 3 tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-Sfi-hydroxythiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester.

EXAMPLE 7 A mixture of 0.84 g. L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert, butyloxycarbonyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid-N-phenyl-sulphonylamide, 6.46 g. of lead tetraacetate and ml. of tert=bntanol in 110 ml. of absolute benzene is irradiated under nitrogen for 4 /2 hours at with a mercury vapour high-pressure lamp (Hanau Q81, 80 watt) through a water-cooled Pyrex glass filter. In contrast to the undissolved material, no tetravalent lead salt can be identified in the solution. The mixture is filtered, and the filtrate washed with water, filtered through a filter aid, dried and evaporated under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on 40 g. of silica gel containing 5% of water. With 200 ml. of benzene and 100 ml. of a 19:1 mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate, a mixture containing biphenyl is eluted. A further quantity of this mixture is obtained with 160 ml. of the same solvent mixture, whereas with 100 ml. of a 9:1-mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate, a crude product is eluted. A further 600 ml. of the 9:1-mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate furnish the desired L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-Sflacetyloxythiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid N phenylsulphonylamide of the formula:

on-crr-o-oo-om which melts at 150 to 152 on recrystallization from a mixture of methylenechloride, ether and pentane; [a.] =+57il (c.=l.032 in chloroform); ultraviolet absorption spectrum (in ethanol) A 223 m (e=23,000), 260 m (5:810), 267 mu (el'lOO) and 273 m (e=920); infrared absorption spectrum (in methylenechloride): bands at 3.0 5.73p., 5.83 5.95;, 6.071;, 7.06p., 7.21,!L, 73411., 8.20 8.43,u., 8.5011, 8.65/1, 9.2011,, 985 and l0.36

EXAMPLE 8 A suspension of 5.5 g. of lead tetraacetate, dried in a high vacuum, in a mixture of 130 ml. of anhydrous benzene and 10 ml. of tert.-butanol is mixed with 1.18 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl 3 tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-thiazolidine 4- carboxylic acid 2,2,2-trichloroethy1 ester. Sedimentation of the suspension is prevented with the aid of a weak current of nitrogen. Irradiation is performed with a mercury vapour high pressure lamp (Hanau Q81, 70 watt) in a Pyrex glass jacket, centrally cooled with water. After 6 hours, a colourless suspension is obtained which according to the potassium iodide starch test no longer contains any tetravalent lead salt. The whole is filtered and the residue is washed with benzene; the filtrate is washed twice with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The colourless oily residue contains, in addition to some biphenyl and starting material, as predominant constituent the L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycar- 'bonyl-5/8-acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid 2,2,2- trichloroethyl ester of the formula:

oooomcou which, after crystallization from pentane, melts at 87". In a chromatogram of 0.12 g. of the resulting oily crude product on 12 g .of silica gel, the biphenyl is eluted with benzene, and with benzene and benzene, containing 1% of ethyl acetate, the 2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl 4-triazolidine 4-carboxylic acid 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester of the formula MP. 68 to 70 after recrystallization from pentane; infrared absorption spectrum (in :methylenechloride): bands at 5.7974, 5.85 5.92,u., 6.40% 7.3519, 7.61% 8.48% 8.8611, 9.28 and 9.70% ultraviolet absorption spectrum (in ethanol) 271 my (5:3202) and 324 m (e=4100); which has been formed during chromatography, together with unreacted starting material, Whereas the desired L- 2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl 53 acetyloxythiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester is eluted with further fractions of benzene, containing 1% of ethyl acetate.

EXAMPLE 9 A solution of 1,1 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methyl ester in 15 ml. of bromotrichloromethane is treated with 2.35 g. ditert.-butyl peroxalate and heated until the gas evolution ceases (about 75 minutes) at a bath temperature of 70 under an atmosphere of nitrogen. By evaporating under reduced pressure, first under water-pump vacuum, then under high vacuum, one obtains a viscous residue, containing the L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-5flbromo-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid methylester of the formula:

oooon 111: CHCH-Br *f CH3 2) C H3O CH3 which is used without further purification as follows:

The residue is dissolved in 8 ml. of dimethylformamide and, while cooling with water, is treated with a saturated aqueous solution of 0.75 g. sodium azide and allowed to stand for one hour at room temperature. After adding 30 ml. of water, the organic portion is extracted twice with 25 ml. cyclohexane, the organic extracts are dried and evaporated, and the viscous residue is chromatographed on 60 g. of purified silica gel using 40 ml. fractions of a 39:1-mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate. Fractions 6 to 9 are evaporated to yield a crude product, which according to thin layer chromatography (silica gel; 9:1-mixture of benzene and ethyl acetate; characteristic spot R;=0.5), and the NMR and UV spectra contains the L-2,2-dirnethyl-3-tert. butyl-oxy-carbonyl-Soc-azidothe analytical sample of which melts at 55-57 [a] =525 "L -1 (c.=1.007 in chloroform); infrared absorption bands (in methylene chloride) at 4.75 5.70/L, 590 7.35,u, 7.45 8.40a, 8.65p. and 9.35 ultraviolet absorption band (in ethanol) A 208 mp (e=3620); and the 2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycar- EXAMPLE 10 A solution of 0.14 g. of L-2,2-dimethyl-3-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-Sfi-acetyloxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester in 3.5 ml. of 90% acetic acid is mixed with 1.5 g. of zinc dust, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The batch is filtered and the residue rinsed with 4 ml. of acetic acid and 200 ml. of benzene; the filtrate is washed 5 times with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue crystallizes on being triturated with a mixture of pentane and ether and is recrystallized from a mixture of ether and hexane. The resulting L-2,2-dimethy1 3 tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-Sfiacetoxy-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid of the formula:

melts at 145l46 after having been sublimed at 127 under a pressure of 0.001 mm. Hg; optical rotation [a] =225 (c. =0.93 in chloroform); infrared absorption bands (in methylene chloride) at 5.75].L, 5.90 1. and 8.25;.

What is claimed is:

1. Process for the manufacture of halogenated compounds which comprises introducing a halogen atom into the S-position of a compouund of the formula:

Bi oncgz Ao-N in which Ac is the acyl residue of a half-ester of carbonic acid, each of R and R is lower alkyl, and R is a member selected from the group R is lower alkyl, and R is a member selected from the group consisting of an esterified carboxyl group, a carbamyl group, a nitrile group, an azidocarbonyl group, a hydrazine-carbonyl group and an azocarbonyl group, by treatment with a reagent capable of homolytically furnishing halogen selected from the group consisting of molecular halogen, a hypohalogenite, a sulfuryl halogenide, a halogenated methane sulfonyl halogenide, an N-halogenated amide, and N-halogenated imide, a copper-II-halide and a tetrahalogenomethane in the presence of an alkox radical-forming peroxide.

2. Process according to claim 1 wherein R is a carboxyl group esterified by a member selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanol, a cycloalkanol, a phenyl-alkanol and a halogenated lower alkanol.

3. Process according to claim 1, wherein bromotrichloromethare as the reagent capable of homolytieally furnishing halogen is used in the presence of di-tert.-buty1 peroxalate as the alkoxy radical-forming perioxide.

4. Process according to claim 1, wherein Ac is t-butoxycarbonyl.

5. Process according to claim 2, wherein Ac is t-butoxycarbonyl.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,311,609 3/1967 Cheney et al. 260306.7

ALEX MAZEL, Primary Examiner R. J. GALLAGHER, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

